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| Donald Trump Official 2025 portrait (Torok, 2025) |
Introduction
The application of the fascist label to Donald Trump offers a compelling case study in the dangers of political rhetoric, illustrating how such a term can oversimplify a complex individual, manipulate narratives, and serve strategic purposes that dehumanize its target. This article follows our previous article, Fascist and Fascism Defined: The Dangers of Political Rhetoric (Political Contrast, 2025b) where we defined the terms "fascist" and "fascism," examined their application in contemporary discourse, and explored the dangers of such political rhetoric. In this article we will use Donald Trump as a case study to examine how this political narrative has been formed and examine its implications.
A 1990 Playboy interview with Trump, conducted when he was a 43-year-old businessman, reveals a man whose traits—obsession with winning, distrust of the establishment, and populist appeal—were already present but rooted in personal and business contexts, not a fascist ideology. Trump expressed concern for the country’s decline, stating, “We Americans are laughed at around the world for losing a hundred and fifty billion dollars year after year, for defending wealthy nations for nothing… Our ‘allies’ are making billions screwing us,” and noted he would only run for president if the country “goes down the tubes” (Playboy, 1990, p. 63). These sentiments, consistent from 1990 to his 2016 campaign narrative of American decline, reflect a self-perception as an outsider who could fix a broken system, not a dictator-in-waiting.
Trump’s later political career, marked by what some claim as inflammatory rhetoric and polarizing actions, provided critics with material to apply the fascist label. For example, The Atlantic in October 2024 stated, "He has said of immigrants, 'They’re poisoning the blood of our country' and 'They’re destroying the blood of our country.' He has claimed that many have 'bad genes.' He has also been more explicit: 'They’re not humans; they’re animals'; they are 'cold-blooded killers'" (Applebaum, 2024) which was framed as an attack on all immigrants, drawing parallels to Nazi rhetoric. However, when you look at the speeches The Atlantic referred to (e.g., Election Rally from Durham, New Hampshire on 16 Dec 2023), a completely different narrative appears. This article will examine what the critics said about Trump, what the critics claimed Trump said, and actually look at what Trump said. Along the way we will point out any logical fallacies.
Critical Analysis
"They're poisoning the blood of our country"
- Looking at the complete video of the Election Rally from Durham, New Hampshire on 16 Dec 2023, Trump starts off this particular segment in question by saying, "You know, when they let, I think the real number is 15, 16 million people into our country when they do that, we got a lot of work to do. They're poisoning the blood of our country. That's what they've done" (Trump, 2023, 44:21–44:31).
Critics
Some critics framed his statements as an attack on all immigrants with comments such as:- "Donald Trump, the Republican presidential frontrunner in 2024, delivered alarming anti-immigrant remarks" (Mascaro & Groves, 2023, para. 3)
- "Trump repeats anti-immigrant rhetoric at New Hampshire rally" (CNN, 2023)
- "former President Donald Trump used inflammatory language to demonize immigrants" (Fischler, 2023, para. 1)
- "during his anti-immigrant ranting at the rally" (Legaspi, 2023, para. 2)
- "Former US President Donald Trump has once again used inflammatory and divisive language to attack immigrants" (Mahapatra, 2023, para. 1)
- "'This is country-changing, it’s country-threatening, and it’s country-wrecking,” Mr. Trump said in Michigan of migrants crossing the southern border. 'They have wrecked our country.'" (Gold & Huynh, 2024, para. 8)
- "Trump, who has accused migrants of 'poisoning the blood of the country'" (Cappelletti et al., 2024, para. 2)
- "'They're poisoning the blood of our country,' Trump said about the record numbers of immigrants coming to the U.S." (Mascaro & Groves, 2023, para. 4)
- "Donald Trump, the Republican presidential frontrunner, said on Saturday that undocumented immigrants were 'poisoning the blood of our country'" (Layne, 2023, para. 1)
- "the GOP primary front-runner said migrants are “poisoning the blood” of the US" (Wolf, 2023, para. 2)
- "Trump, the front-runner for the Republican nomination for president in next year’s election, said that immigrants were 'poisoning the blood of our country'" (Fischler, 2023, para. 2)
- "'They’re poisoning the blood of our country,' he said of immigrants coming into the United States" (Legaspi, 2023, para. 2)
- "Former U.S. President Donald Trump’s recent comments that immigrants are 'poisoning the blood' of the United States" (Powell, 2023, para. 1)
- "he repeated his claim that immigrants are 'poisoning the blood of our country'" (Mahapatra, 2023, para. 1)
- "He has portrayed migrants as 'poisoning the blood of the country'" (Cappelletti et al., 2024, para. 25)
Critics then used these false analogies and negative framing to falsely claim Trump was echoing Nazi rhetoric with statements like:
- "echoing Nazi slogans of World War II" (Mascaro & Groves, 2023, para. 3)
- "repeating language that has previously drawn criticism as xenophobic and echoing of Nazi rhetoric" (Layne, 2023, para. 1)
- "former president again drew comparisons to the language of Nazi Germany" (Wolf, 2023, para. 3)
- "Hitler used similar language about Jews" (Mahapatra, 2023, para. 5)
- "Trump evoking Hitler rhetoric" (Legaspi, 2023, para. 3)
- "Biden campaign spokesperson Ammar Moussa said that during the nearly 90-minute speech, “Donald Trump channeled his role models as he parroted [Nazi Germany leader] Adolf Hitler" (Powell, 2023, para. 3)
- "“Let’s be clear: migrants ‘poisoning the blood’ is Hitler rhetoric” said broadcaster Mehdi Hasan (Michael, 2023, para. 13)
- "widely denounced as echoing the rhetoric of white supremacists and Nazis" (Mahapatra, 2023, para. 1)
Critics may also exploit legitimate similarities between a business mindset and authoritarianism to misalign Trump the businessman with Trump the political leader. In business, a hierarchical structure, decisive leadership, and a focus on winning—traits Trump exhibited in 1990—can resemble authoritarian tendencies, such as centralized control and a demand for loyalty (Playboy, 1990). However, these characteristics, when applied in a corporate context, are not inherently fascist; they reflect a pragmatic approach to achieving success in a competitive environment. By conflating these business traits with political authoritarianism, the fascist narrative projects a retroactive intent onto Trump, interpreting his early ambition and distrust of the establishment as precursors to an authoritarian agenda, rather than as products of his entrepreneurial background.
Opposing Viewpoints
When you examine the entire campaign speech by Trump, it is clear that he was drawing comparisons between Biden's four-year term and Trump's previous four-year term as is typical for campaign speeches. During the entire speech, Trump was referring to what he perceived as the failures of Joe Biden and the Democrats. In this particular segment of the speech mentioned above, when Trump says, "when they let," "when they do that," "they're poisoning," and "That's what they've done" Trump is referring to Joe Biden and the Democrats’ immigration policies that Trump claims allowed 15-16 million illegal immigrants into the U.S. (Trump, 2023, 44:21–44:31). Trump utilized this entire campaign speech to draw comparisons to how things were under his previous administration and how things are now under the Biden administration. For example, earlier in his speech Trump said, "We have no border any longer. Drugs, criminals, gang members and terrorists are pouring into our country. They're running wild in our Democrat run cities" (Trump, 2023, 02:01–02:07). Later in the speech he again focuses on the border and what he will do differently when he says, "On my first day back in the White House, I will terminate every open borders policy of the Biden administration, stop the invasion of our southern border, and begin the largest domestic deportation operation in American history" (Trump, 2023, 61:22–61:40). Critics have argued that the 'they're poisoning our blood' comment has similarities with fascist rhetoric; however, this comparison falls flat when you understand that Trump's use of the term 'they're' refers to Biden and the Democrats. And, it is Biden's, and the Democrats', border policy that Trump claims has 'poisoned the blood of our country' by allowing 'drugs, criminals, gang members and terrorists' to pour into our country through what is essentially an open border policy. What still remains unclear, however, is what Trump meant by Biden's border policy 'poisoning our country.' The closest we got to an answer was an interview by Hugh Hewitt on 22 December 2023. Hewitt directly asks, "Mr. President you've also said illegal immigrants are poisoning our blood what do you mean by that?" (Hewitt, 2023, 08:23–08:30). Trump responds, "when you look at it and you look at what's coming in, we have, from all over the world, not one group they're coming in from Asia from Africa from South America they're coming from all over the world, they're coming from prisons, they're coming from mental institutions and insane asylums, they're terrorists, absolutely that's poisoning our country, that's poisoning the blood of our country and that's what's happening and we're not talking about a specific group, we're talking about these are, this is equal opportunity they're coming from all over the world and we have no idea who they are, where they are, they have people coming in we don't even know what the languages that they speak, we have nobody that speaks the language and they're loading up our classes we're loading up our classes, our school classes with children that don't speak the language, they don't speak our language and nobody knows what's going on now, we uh, we are poisoning our country, we're poisoning the blood of our country we have people coming in think of it mental institutions all over the world are being emptied out into the United States jails and prisons are being emptied out into the United States" (Hewitt, 2023, 08:33–09:37). Hewitt then asks, "now Mr. President your critics say that you are using hitlerian language that was used to dehumanize Jews by saying that Jewish blood cannot be part of German blood do you have anything like that in mind when you say poisoning our blood?" (Hewitt, 2023, 09:37–09:52). Trump responds, "no and I never knew that Hitler said it either by the way" (Hewitt, 2023, 09:52–09:55). Hewitt tries to clarify by asking, "so you you mean nothing racist by that? Because your critics keep saying, oh he wants to be Hitler, he's talking about poisoning our blood, he's trying to be a Nazi. How do you respond to these people?" (Hewitt, 2023, 10:45–10:53). Trump responds, "First of all I know nothing about Hitler. I'm not a student of Hitler. I never read his Works. They say that he said something about blood he didn't say it the way I said it either by the way, it's a very different kind of a statement. What I'm saying when I talk about people coming into our country is, they are destroying our country, this country is, we have prisoners coming in, we have mental patients coming in by the thousands, really by the millions because, you take a look, I believe the number will be 15 million people maybe more than that by the time this lunatic leaves office" (Hewitt, 2023, 10:57–11:26). Towards the end of the interview, Hewitt revisits the 'poisoning our blood' comment by saying, "I want to close again with the poisoning our blood comment. It's the most controversial thing you've said is the illegal immigrants are poisoning our blood. Will you explain again what do you mean by that?" (Hewitt, 2023, 27:36–27:49). Trump responds, "Exactly what I said. People are pouring into our country totally unchecked, zero, we have no idea where they come from, who they are. They're pouring in because of Biden. He has an open door policy which is insane. They're coming from many different continents. They're just not coming from the four countries that we talk about. They're not coming from, you know, purely Mexico and Guatemala and Honduras, El Salvador which is more typical. They're coming from all over the world. They're coming from Asia. They're coming from Africa. They're coming from all over the world. They're coming out of prisons. They're coming out of jails. They're coming out of mental institutions and insane asylums. These people are very sick. They there are many criminals and there are many terrorists" (Hewitt, 2023, 27:49–28:35). Hewitt followed up by saying, "In 2022 Joe Biden had more than 165 people on the terrorist watch list. In the last year of your presidency I believe it was Zero. I have those numbers for the NBC debate so you're absolutley right" (Hewitt, 2023, 29:07–29:16). Trump responds, "and that's because that's because of my, let's say that's because of my way. They knew that they couldn't do it and they didn't but I was even surprised. I was very impressed by that number. It said zero. I had it checked and they actually had zero and he's setting records every single week. He's setting records of terrorists pouring into our country. So the answer is they are poisoning our country. They're poisoning the blood of our country, and I'm not talking about a specific group. And I never read mein kampf and I have no idea what Hitler said other than I've seen on the news and that's a very entirely different thing than what I'm saying. They're pouring, they're destroying our country. They're coming in from every continent and we have no idea, we have no idea who they are, what they represent. Are they from jails? Are they from prisons? And, I will tell you a big percentage of the people coming in are from prisons and from mental institutions and are terrorists" (Hewitt, 2023, 29:18–30:13). Hewitt follows up with another question, "Okay no, no joking around now Mr. President. do you, no jokes at all, do you intend to rule as an authoritarian or a dictator?" (Hewitt, 2023, 30:13–30:23). Trump responds, "uh, not at all, no. I'm going to rule as somebody that's very popular with the people" (Hewitt, 2023, 30:23–30:28). So this interview didn't really resolve the issue in my opinion. In the campaign speech Trump was clearly referring to Biden's border policy as 'poisoning the blood of our country.' However, in this interview Trump states, "you look at what's coming in, we have, from all over the world, not one group they're coming in from Asia from Africa from South America they're coming from all over the world, they're coming from prisons, they're coming from mental institutions and insane asylums, they're terrorists, absolutely that's poisoning our country, that's poisoning the blood of our country and that's what's happening" (Hewitt, 2023, 08:30–08:54) which points to a list of what most would characterize as 'bad people' that is 'poisoning our country, that's poisoning the blood of our country.' However, one could argue that the question was somewhat leading when Hewitt asked, "Mr. President you've also said illegal immigrants are poisoning our blood what do you mean by that?" (Hewitt, 2023, 08:23–08:30). The only thing we can say for certain is that Trump was not referring to immigrants in general but was pointing out Biden's border policy that was letting in a lot of people, some of which Trump claimed were bad people. At the very least the Nazi or fascist language correlation is an overreach by critics.False Narratives/Logical Fallacies
The statements made by critics regarding this speech contain negative framing by conflating immigrants with illegal immigrants. The critics then move on to create another negative framing by using a false equivalency to tie the "they're poisoning our blood" comment to immigrants when in fact "they're" is referring to Joe Biden and the Democrats’ immigration policies that have allowed 15-16 million illegal immigrants into the U.S. which Trump claims include "Drugs, criminals, gang members and terrorists" (Trump, 2023, 02:01–02:07, 44:21–44:31). This sets up the strawman argument where they attack Trump's statements as if he was attacking immigrants. Once these fallacies are in place they use another false equivalency to tie the negatively framed statements to fascism and Hitler creating another strawman argument that Trump uses fascist language and he is therfore like Hitler.
The Dangers of Fascist Rhetoric
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| Figure 1: Photo sourced from The Associated Press (2025) |
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| Figure 2: Photo sourced from The Palm Beach Post (Cordy, 2025) |
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| Figure 3: Photo sourced from Times Literary Supplement (Beard, 2018) |
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| Figure 4: Photo sourced from Yahoo News (Powel, 2025) |
Claiming a political figure is a fascist carries significant risks, both for public discourse and for the individuals targeted. First, it reduces the target to caricatures that fit historical archetypes rather than engaging with their actual policies or contexts. This can obscure legitimate criticisms by focusing on inflammatory rhetoric instead of substantive debate. Second, it dehumanizes its targets, making it easier to demonize them, which in turn fuels polarization and erodes the possibility of constructive dialogue. Third, the overuse of such a loaded term can desensitize the public to real authoritarian threats, making it harder to mobilize against genuine fascism when it emerges. Fourth, the use of the fascist label often prioritizes political gain over accuracy. Lastly, imagine people who might be borderline unstable and might believe they have the ability to stop the next Hitler.
Look at the four pictures above. In Figure 1 you can see a sign: 'Eliminate Elon.' In Figure 2 you can see a sign: 'It's Time' with the picture of a guillotine. In Figure 3 you can see a sign: 'Stop History from Repeating' with pictures of Hitler and Trump. In Figure 4 you can see a sign: 'Criminals in Chief' with a picture of Trump under which it says 'Public Enemy No. 1' and a picture of Elon Musk under which it says 'Public Enemy No. 2.' When looking at these photographs, some are clearly calling for violence (e.g., 'eliminate Elon' and the picture of a guillotine) while others are a little more subtle. It is very plausible that this type of rhetoric could fuel violence against the targets of this rhetoric. For example, look at the previous assassination attempts against then Candidate Trump (Butler Rally and Mar-A-Lago). While we do not yet know the motivations of the two individuals who attempted to assassinate then Candidate Trump, it is not outside the realm of possibility, though speculative, that these individuals were in part motivated by such rhetoric.
These very real dangers highlight the need for careful, context-driven political language that prioritizes fact over sensationalism. We must ensure that claims are supported by direct evidence and full context to avoid perpetuating biased narratives and recklessly endangering peoples' lives.
Summary
As of April 2, 2025, the characterization of Donald Trump as a fascist, his leadership style as fascist or a form of fascism is inaccurate, reflecting rhetorical exaggeration rather than factual alignment with the historical and ideological definitions of these terms. Fascism, as a totalitarian system, requires extreme nationalism, totalitarian control, suppression of opposition through violence, and the dismantling of democratic institutions—none of which fully apply to Trump’s former or current presidency (Encyclopædia Britannica, 2025; Wikipedia, 2024a; OER Project, n.d.). Ironically, the Increasing Violence against Tesla and Tesla Owners (Political Contrast, 2025a) in order to suppress the activities of DOGE and Elon Musk are more in alignment with the tactics that critics are trying to label Trump with.
While Trump’s rhetoric shares some superficial similarities with fascist language, particularly in its nationalist themes and use of dehumanizing language toward specific groups, such as illegal immigrant criminals and gang members, to mobilize campaign support (Trump, 2023; Trump, 2024a), it differs from fascism significantly. Furthermore, these statements are often misrepresented as targeting all immigrants, exaggerating their scope and intent, and they lack the ideological coherence and state-backed enforcement of historical fascism, operating instead within a democratic context with free speech protections (PBS NewsHour, 2024; Politico, 2024). Similarly, Trump’s tactics, such as challenging the 2020 election results, suggesting the use of military force in response to violent unrest, and creating DOGE, raise critics' concerns about democratic norms but do not equate to the systematic elimination of opposition or establishment of a single-party state, as seen in Fascist Italy or Nazi Germany (United States Studies Centre, 2024; Congressional Research Service, 2025). Misrepresentations, such as framing his critique of Liz Cheney as a violent threat rather than a policy critique (Political Contrast, 2025), further highlight the need for careful analysis to avoid biased narratives (Al Jazeera, 2025). Compared to the terms from our previous articles, fascism is more ideologically specific than autocracy (a broader category of absolute rule) and more totalitarian than authoritarianism (which allows limited pluralism), further highlighting its misapplication to Trump (Wikipedia, 2025a; European Center for Populism Studies, n.d.; OER Project).
The 1990 Trump—ambitious, restless, and deeply aware of his image—evolved into a political figure shaped by circumstances, not a predetermined fascist agenda. His consistent concern for the country, from his 1990 critique of global trade imbalances to his 2025 policies, challenges the narrative of a power-hungry authoritarian. This case underscores the dangers of the fascist label: while it may highlight real concerns about a leader’s actions, it risks dehumanizing its target, oversimplifying their motivations, fueling division, potentially fomenting violence rather than fostering nuanced debate. Understanding Trump as a person, rather than a caricature, reminds us of the importance of context in political discourse and the need to engage with complexity to avoid the pitfalls of reductive rhetoric.
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